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ePaper created 2017-03-14, 10:25:37 | version 1.49.03
ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY 1 MoGeSoWa – INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY BY MEANS OF SORPTION HEAT STORAGE Sim o n e M a ck , Si e g fr i e d Eg n e r Increasing energy eficiency In order to meet the global climate protection targets, at- tention is now being focused on increasing the degree of utilization of fossil and regenerative primary energy. Here heat storage systems play a key role in storing excess heat, thus making it possible to balance out the mismatch in time between the supply and demand for heat, e.g. in industrial processes or building technology applications. In 2010 more than 57 percent of the gross energy consumption and ac- cordingly 38 percent of the primary energy requirement in Germany (5408 petajoules ~ 1500 terawatt hours) was used for heating and cooling [1, 2]. Use of waste heat On the other hand, large quantities of waste heat currently re- main unused in the energy sector, trade and industry. It is esti- mated that the waste heat utilization potential from industrial plants in Germany is only 132 to 282 terawatt hours per year (475 – 1015 petajoules) [1, 2]. Sorption heat storage systems are a promising solution. They offer clear advantages as re- gards storage densities, minimization of heat losses and avail- able temperature levels. Compared with the currently available hot water storage heaters, three to six times higher storage densities with up to 240 watt hours per kilogram of storage material can be achieved, making possible considerably more compact systems. Additionally, the working temperatures for charging (80 – 300°C) and discharging (> 100°C) are more lexible. Since the energy is not stored as sensible heat, no thermal losses occur over the storage period. This enables both short-term (days to weeks) and also long-term storage (several months). The aim of the project “MoGeSoWa” is to develop a high-performance, cost-eficient and modular heat storage system so as to convert sorption heat storage into an industry-compatible application. To achieve this, the economic ield of application of the technology is to be extended to the temperature range of signiicantly below 110°C by means of the systematic development of new composite adsorbents. Approach With sorption heat storage, energy is stored in the form of a chemical-physical potential. Heat is released in a subsequent reversible interaction between a porous solid and a luid, which is also called an adsorption process. This enables it to be used when and where it is required. In order to realize the project objectives, an integrated approach was adopted consisting of material, component and process developments and production-optimized construction. In the initial phase of the project several innovative approaches relating to the three areas were developed and tested in the lab and on a pilot plant scale. In the second phase of the project the results were combined in a pilot plant and tested under near real-life conditions. Trial operation in an apartment house In the subsequent demonstration phase the modular heat storage unit developed by Fraunhofer IGB was tested for several months under real conditions. The demonstration of the sorption modular heat storage system was conducted over several months in an apartment house with more than 70 resi- dential units; the aim was to increase the energy eficiency of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant. For this purpose ex- cess heat from a mini-CHP unit with an power of 20 kWelectric and 40 kWthermal was stored in order to make the thermal en- ergy available when required for heating the building and thus 9 8