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2013|14 Annual Report Fraunhofer IGB

95 Dr. Achim Weber Phone +49 711 970-4022 achim.weber@igb.fraunhofer.de References [1] Speyerer, C.; Güttler, S.; Borchers, K.; Tovar, G.; Hirth, T.; Weber A., Surface Functionalization of Toner Particles for the Assembly of Three-Dimensional Objects via Click Chemistry, Che- mie Ingenieur Technik 2012, 84: 322 – 327 [2] Speyerer, C.; Borchers, K.; Hirth, T.; Tovar, G. E. M.; Weber, A., Surface etching of methacrylic microparticles via basic hydrolysis and introduction of functional groups for click chemistry, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2013, 397: 185 – 191 Funding We would like to thank the Volkswagen Foundation and the Chemical Industry Fund (FCI) for funding this research. Project partners Fraunhofer IPA, Stuttgart | IGVP, University of Stuttgart click functions like thiol, azide and alkyne groups, which are available for a chemical 2D fixation via the thiol-ene reaction or the 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition. Fig. 3 shows the successful functionalization of the toner particles via specific binding of a fluorescent dye. Viewing under a laser microscope can show that the dye is only located on the hydrolyzed particle surface, while no emission is detected in the interior of the particles (Fig. 3A). Overlaying different two-dimensional image planes enables a three-dimensional representation of the fluorescent particle surfaces to be realized (Fig. 3B). Application as biomaterial and outlook In order to test the suitability of the manufactured polymer toner particles as support materials for tissue engineering, we examined the cytocompatibility compared to human fibro- blasts and keratinocytes. These cells indicated high viability on all polymers with a glass transition point above room temperature, which is comparable with growth on commer- cial cell-culture plates. The functionalization of the surfaces leads to increased cell proliferation that is up to 178 percent above that of the reference material. Printing tests with the functionalized surface toner material have been successfully carried out by our project partner Fraunhofer IPA using an electrophotographic printer. The particle systems developed to date allow us to print reactive structures on level surfaces and thereby bind materials that do not otherwise readily adhere. 1 Tubular structures are created by removing the non-fixed sup- porting structure after printing. The matrix structure provides stability for the 3D object even after this. 2 Spherical poly(methyl methacrylate) toner particles created by suspension polymerization. 3 Confocal laser microscope image of the fluoresceinamine-func- tionalized particle surfaces. Overlaying the two-dimensional im- age planes (A) provides a three-dimensional image of the func- tionalized particles (B). Scale: x-axis = 27.5 μm, y-axis = 27.5 μm and z-axis = 3.5 μm. 3 A 3 B Contact

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